To change the Android cryptfs password:
vdc cryptfs changepw $yournewpass
For users on Android 5.X Lollipop:
vdc cryptfs changepw password $yournewpassInHexadecimal
For users on Android 6.X Marshmallow:
vdc cryptfs changepw password $yournewpass
You can verify your new password (or check your old password) by entering this command:
vdc cryptfs verifypw $yourpass