====== Hard Disk Drives ======
see also:
  * [[ssd|Solid State Drives]]
  * [[:admin:smart|SMART]] – hardware monitoring for disks

===== Replacement policy suggestion =====

Every spinning drives with pending/moved sectors or uncorrectable errors //MUST// be replaced.

Most drives can pull about 40k-50k power on hours. To keep things fresh, you //SHOULD// phase them out at 35k hours (=24h/d*365d/y*4y) or 4 years. Then they can be used as archive HDDs or cold spares, but //SHOULD NOT// be trusted with data you only have once.

If you feel fancy, you //CAN// replace disks at 20,000 hours.
===== General suggestions =====
  * Make sure your drives are coming from different retailers so you are not getting drives that are built in the same batch.
  * Don't assume your HDD will not fail in X amount of hours. [[:admin:backup:|Back them up]] and put them in a [[:admin:RAID|RAID]] to minimise downtime.
  * Do a full [[:admin:smart|SMART]] test out of the box for any drive that is going to be used in a RAID group.
  * Run a high level IOMeter test against new drives for 24-48hours, then rerun the [[:admin:smart|SMART]] test looking for any pre-fail stats.
  * Do not mix and match RPMs, slower RPM drives will slow down access times to the faster drives on the same controller when heavy IO hits the slower drives.
===== Model recommendations =====

==== NAS ====

| Name ^ Capacity ^ €/TB ^ Net price ^ Comments |
^ Seagate Archive | 5TB | 30,14€ | [[http://geizhals.de/seagate-archive-hdd-secure-5tb-st5000as0001-a1196605.html|150€]] | optimised for cold storage |
^ Seagate Archive | 6TB | 31,11€ | [[http://geizhals.de/seagate-archive-hdd-v2-6tb-st6000as0002-a1204026.html|190€]] | ::: |
^ Seagate Skyhawk | 10TB | 28,90€ | 289€ | optimised for surveillance (much write) |
^ WD RED | 3TB | 32,49€ | [[http://geizhals.de/western-digital-wd-red-3tb-wd30efrx-a807343.html|100€]] | |
^ WD RED | 4TB | 34,44€ | [[http://geizhals.de/western-digital-wd-red-4tb-wd40efrx-a992027.html|140€]] | |
^ Toshiba [[https://www.toshiba-storage.com/products/toshiba-internal-hard-drives-n300/|N300]] | 8TB | | | loud (7200rpm without He) |
==== Desktop ====

| Name ^ Capacity ^ €/TB ^ Net price |
^ Seagate BarraCuda Compute 2TB | 2TB | 26,40€ | [[https://geizhals.de/seagate-barracuda-compute-2tb-st2000dm006-a1479503.html?hloc=at&hloc=de|53€]] |

=== ext. case ===

| Name ^ USB ^ SATA ^ Net price |
^ RaidSonic Icy Box IB-366StU3+B | B 3.0 | 6 Gb/s | [[https://geizhals.de/raidsonic-icy-box-ib-366stu3-b-20470-a976791.html?hloc=at&hloc=de|32€]] |

===== hot plugging =====
Both your mainboard and your HDD have to support hot swapping.

Even if your mainboard generally supports hot swap, your mainboard may not support it on all ports. Similarly, if your disks themselves don't support hot swap, you can't hot swap them even in a mainboard which supports it.

Swapping disks while the PC is booted should only be done if you're absolutely certain both the mainboard and the disk support hot swapping properly, else you may damage the disk. Especially consumer-grade disks are susceptible to failures in this way.

Being on standby may simply mean they have parked their r/w arms and are still spinning. It does not mean you can hot swap the disks.

===== FAQ =====
==== Can I shout at my disks? ====
No, you should not [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tDacjrSCeq4|shout in the data centre]]. If you do, your disk arrays might throw read errors.